Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia and is increasing in prevalence in developing countries.

Blood pressure, a known causal risk factor for stroke, has also been identified as a potential risk factor for vascular dementia. However, studies have reported conflicting results on the relationship between blood pressure and vascular dementia. Previous analyses of healthy cohorts and patients with previous diagnosis of TIA or stroke have suggested a positive association between midlife blood pressure (age 40-50 years) and future development of dementia, including vascular dementia. However, several other studies have suggested that low blood pressure in old age is associated with an increased risk of dementia.

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